Entrevista motivacional como estrategia de mejoramiento de la salud bucal de niños y cuidadores. Revisión en sombrilla / Motivational interviewing as a strategy to improve the oral health of children and caregivers. Umbrella review

Objetivo: demostrar la efectividad de la entrevista motivacional (EM) en el mejoramiento de algunos indicadores de salud bucal en niños de 0 a 12 años y sus cuidadores. Material y métodos: estudio de revisión en sombrilla (umbrella review). Se realizó búsqueda en bases de datos electrónicas (PubMed, MEDLINE, SCOPUS, EBSCO) y Google Scholar desde el año 2010 hasta el año 2020, con las siguientes palabras clave: ('motivational interviewing' OR 'motivational interview' OR 'motivational interviewing style' OR 'motivational intervention' OR 'motivational counseling' OR 'brief motivational counseling' OR 'maternal counseling' OR 'behavioral intervention') AND (“caries” OR 'dental caries' OR 'tooth decay' OR 'dental decay' OR 'carious lesions' OR 'DMFT index' OR “ICDAS”) AND ('gingival diseases' OR “gingivitis” OR “CPITN” OR 'gingival bleeding' OR 'dental calculus') AND (“children” OR “families” OR “caregivers”). Se incluyeron artículos originales sobre la efectividad de la entrevista motivacional en salud bucal (EMSB) en niños de hasta 12 años y cuidadores, tipo revisión sistemática de la literatura y metanálisis, desde el año 2010 hasta el 2020. Resultados: 69 artículos (2 revisiones sistemáticas y 4 metanálisis). Los indicadores encontrados fueron: cambios en la presentación de caries de la infancia temprana, higiene bucal, condiciones gingivales y frecuencia de visitas a la consulta odontológica, con resultados alentadores y, en otros, contradictorios. Conclusiones: la evidencia sobre la efectividad de la entrevista motivacional en comparación con la educación convencional muestra cambios positivos en indicadores de salud bucal, como mejoramiento de la higiene dental y de la presentación de la caries en la primera infancia. (AU)

Objective: to demonstrate, the effectiveness of motivational interviewing in improving oral health indicators in children aged 0 to 12 years and their caregivers. Material and method: an umbrella review design. Search in electronic databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, SCOPUS, EBSCO) and Google Scholar since 2010 to 2020, with the following keywords: ('Motivational interviewing' OR 'motivational interview' OR 'motivational interviewing style' OR 'motivational intervention' OR 'motivational counseling' OR 'brief motivational counseling' OR 'maternal counseling' OR 'behavioral intervention') AND (“caries” OR 'dental caries' OR 'tooth decay' OR 'dental decay' OR 'carious lesions' OR 'DMFT index' OR “ICDAS”) AND ('gingival diseases' OR “gingivitis” OR “CPITN” OR 'gingival bleeding' OR 'dental calculus') AND (“children” OR “families” OR “caregivers”), original articles on the effectiveness of motivational interviewing in oral health (EMSB) in children between 0 and 12 years of age and caregivers, type systematic review of the literature and metaanalysis. Results: 69 articles were found (2 systematic reviews and 4 metaanalysis). The indicators found: change in early childhood caries, oral hygiene, gingival conditions and frequency of visits to the dental office with promise results and others contradictories. Conclusion: the evidence on the effectiveness of motivational interviewing compared to conventional education shows positive changes in oral health indicators such as improvement in dental hygiene and the presentation of caries in early childhood, among others. (AU)

Motivational interviewing for preventing oral morbidities in adults: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: This systematic review with meta-analysis was performed to assess whether motivational interviewing (MI) effectively prevents oral morbidities in adults. METHODS: Studies considered were randomized controlled trials, cluster-randomized controlled trials and community-based randomized trials assessing interventions based on MI or indicating that a counselling technique based on the principles developed by Miller and Rollnick was used. Controls were any type of oral health education or negative controls. Participants were 18-60 years old. The main outcome was any oral morbidity. From 602 studies identified in MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science and LILACS databases, seven studies were included in the synthesis. RESULTS: Studies included only evaluated periodontal outcomes, no studies were found for other oral morbidities. Patients' mean age was 43.7 years, and the follow-up time after MI or MI-based intervention varied between 1 month and 1 year. The total study population was 272 people with moderate-to-severe periodontitis; other groups analysed were pregnant women (n = 112) and patients with mental disorders and alcohol problems (n = 60). Meta-analysis for the plaque index (four studies, n = 267), bleeding on probing (two studies, n = 177) and gingival index (two studies, n = 166) were carried out. The summary effects for the random-effects model were estimated respectively as -3.59 percentage points (CI: [-11.44; 4.25] for plaque index, -6.41 percentage points (CI: [-12.18, -0.65]) for bleeding on probing and -0.70 (CI: [-1.87; 0.48]) for gingival index, marginally favouring the MI group. The reduced number of studies, the non-disclosure of some aspects of the data and the heterogeneity among them undermine the precision of the estimates. CONCLUSION: The current evidence available is limited to periodontal outcomes, and it is not possible to determine whether MI effectively prevents oral morbidities in adults.

Neuroticism and Psychological Stress in Patients Suffering Oral Lichen Planus: Research Evidence of Psycho-Stomatology?

Psychosocial factors influence the development, exacerbation, or aggravation of some oral diseases. However, the possible relationship between personality traits, affective disorders, and psychological stress in oral diseases, and their impact on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), has not been fully clarified. The aim of the present study was to determine the association of neuroticism and stress with the presence of oral lichen planus (OLP), and to discover whether or not these factors impact OHRQoL. This is a case-control study matched for age and sex. The case group (OLP group) was composed of 20 patients diagnosed with OLP, while 20 people with a diagnosis of lesions not associated with stress formed the control group. Three instruments were used: the Holmes-Rahe Social Readjustment Scale, the Five Factor Personality Model, and the OHIP-49. Neuroticism obtained a score of 25.5 (±5.4) in the OLP group, which was higher than the control group value (21.7) (±5.1) (p = 0.03). The OLP group showed a worse quality of life (p < 0.05); the most affected dimensions were psychological discomfort and physical disability. It is important to include a psychological profile to establish a comprehensive treatment for these patients. We propose the recognition of a new area of clinical oral medicine: psycho-stomatology.

Validation of an instrument to determine oral health knowledge, attitudes, and practices during pregnancy.

BACKGROUND: Oral health of the mother-infant dyad is important to preserve general health. However, there are few instruments in Spanish for the evaluation of knowledge, attitudes and practices that determine this construct. Therefore, this research aimed to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Maternal Oral Health Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Questionnaire (CAPSOM in Spanish). METHODS: In this instrument development study that carried out in 2018-2019, involving pregnant women between the ages of 18 and 45 in the city of Leon, Guanajuato, Mexico. The sample size was calculated based on 10 women per questionnaire item (n = 10 k). The study used Cronbach's alpha, the modified Lawshe test of validity criteria, factor analysis, and the level of difficulty and discrimination of the items. RESULTS: 207 women took part with their signed, informed consent (25 ± 6 years). The internal consistency of the instrument, both total and by dimension was α = 0.70, α = 0.66 knowledge, α = 0.74 attitudes, and α = 0.66 practices. Values of Content Validity Ratio' ≥ 0.60 were obtained for the final 10 items and Content Validity Index' = 0.90. The average difficulty index of items was 0.40, and there were significant differences (Kruskall-Wallis, p < 0.001) in the discrimination test. Factor analysis demonstrated three main components. CONCLUSIONS: A valid and reliable 10-item Spanish questionnaire was designed to measure pregnant women's oral health knowledge, attitudes, and practices.

Non-neoplasic and non-syndromic palatal perforations. Presentation of 5 cases and systematic review of the literature.

BACKGROUND: Palatal perforations not associated with syndromes or neoplasms are rare lesions whose frequency has increased recently. However, their clinical and demographic characteristics have not been fully described. Therefore, this report aimed to establish the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with non-syndromic and non-neoplastic palatal perforations. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The file of an oral medicine teaching clinic from January 2004 to December 2018 was reviewed to identify and isolate all cases with a diagnosis of palatal perforation. Cases with a diagnosis of palatal perforation related to congenital alteration, syndrome, or neoplasia were excluded. Age, sex, medical history, and diagnosis were obtained from the clinical history. In addition, a systematic review of the literature was performed using a PICO strategy. MEDLINE electronic databases from January 1990 to December 2018 were systematically reviewed using the combination of keywords with Boolean terms "OR" (palatal perforation, destruction of the palate) and "AND" (drugs, cocaine, mycosis, syphilis, mucormycosis, tuberculosis, trauma). The PRISMA guide was used to identify the different results of the literature search and article selection process. Case reports and case series were included. RESULTS: Five cases of non-syndromic, non-neoplastic palatal perforations were identified. All cases were male with a mean age of 42 years. Two cases were related to cocaine use, 2 cases were caused by mucormycosis, and one case by trauma. As for the systematic literature review, 51 non-neoplastic and non-syndromic cases were collected. The cases showed a male predominance, with a mean age of 41 years. The most frequent etiology was chronic cocaine use followed by mucormycosis. CONCLUSIONS: Since cocaine use and type II Diabetes Mellitus, risk factors related to non-syndromic and non-neoplastic palatal perforations, have shown a worldwide increase, the clinician should be alert to make an early diagnosis and initiate appropriate treatment. Key words:Palatal perforation, cocaine-induced, mucormycosis, mycotic infection, drug users.

Conocimientos y prácticas de odontología preventiva en odontólogos en México.

No disponible.

School-Based Dental Education for Improving Oral Self-Care in Mexican Elementary School-Aged Children.

Aim. To test the efficiency and acceptance of school-based dental education for improving oral self-care in Mexican elementary school-aged children. Method. A total of 408 students from 4 schools were examined at the baseline, 3 months (follow-up rate was 94%) and 6 months observations (follow-up rate 91%). Group 1 served as a control, Group 2 received a lecture-based education, and Group 3 consisted of trained peer-leaders who educated their peers. Oral self-care practice and oral self-care skills were assessed at the baseline and both follow-ups. A number of sociodemographic and oral health behavior/knowledge characteristics were tested as predictors of oral self-care outcomes at different observation periods. Results. Oral self-care outcomes improved in Groups 2 and 3, but not in the control group. The selected child population, their caregivers and teachers perceived the school-based educational strategy as important and necessary. There was no consistent pattern of predictors explaining variations in oral self-care outcomes at any of the observation periods. Oral self-care improvement observed at the 6 months observation was mainly predicted by the baseline oral self-care levels, dental education, and age. Conclusions. The school-based dental education was easy to implement, and it was effective for improving children's oral self-care practice and skills.

A peer-led dental education program for modifying oral self-care in Mexican children.

OBJECTIVE: To compare peer-led dental education (PLDE) versus conventional dental instruction (CDI) in modifying children's oral self-care. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The intervention group (two schools) received PLDE and the control group (two schools) received CDI. The quality of oral self-care practice (OSC-P) and oral self-care skills (OSC-S) were indicated by dental plaque levels (%) and compared before and after dental education. RESULTS: There were no baseline OSC-P differences between the control (55.8 ± 12.8%) and intervention (55.5 ± 14.6%) groups or OSC-S differences between the intervention (38.5 ± 13.2%) and control (38.1 ± 12.5%) groups. At the three-month follow-up we observed OSC-P deterioration in the control group (63.2 ± 15.0%) and OSC-P improvement in the intervention group (52.2 ± 15.6%). The OSC-P/OSC-S regression models found these predictors: baseline oral self-care, group affiliation, and mother's education (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The hypothesis was confirmed and significant predictors were baseline oral self-care levels, group affiliation, and mother's education.

OBJETIVO: Comparar un programa educativo guiado por pares (PEGP) versus un programa basado en educación convencional (EC) dirigido al autocuidado bucal en niños. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: El grupo de intervención recibió un PEGP y el grupo control recibió EC. La calidad de prácticas de autocuidado (OSC-P) y habilidades de autocuidado (OSC-S) fueron indicadas por los niveles de placa dental (5) y comparadas antes y después de la intervención. RESULTADOS: No se observaron diferencias en los datos de línea base del OSC-P entre el grupo control (55.8 ± 12.8%) y el de intervención (55.5 ± 14.6%) o en el OSC-S entre el grupo de intervención (38.5± 13.2%) y el control (38.1 ± 12.5%). En el seguimiento a tres meses, se observó un deterioro en las OSC-P en el grupo control (63.2 ± 15.0%) y un mejoramiento en las OSC-P en el grupo de intervención (52.2 ± 15.6%). Los modelos de regresión lineal para las OSC-P/OSC-S encontraron como significativos los siguientes predictores: autocuidado bucal de línea base, el grupo de afiliación y la educación materna (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONES: La hipótesis fue confirmada y los predictores significativos fueron los niveles de autocuidado bucal de línea base, el grupo de afiliación y la educación materna.

A peer-led dental education program for modifying oral self-care in Mexican children / Un programa de educación para la salud guiado por pares dirigido al autocuidado bucal en niños mexicanos

Abstract: Objective: To compare peer-led dental education (PLDE) versus conventional dental instruction (CDI) in modifying children's oral self-care. Materials and methods: The intervention group (two schools) received PLDE and the control group (two schools) received CDI. The quality of oral self-care practice (OSC-P) and oral self-care skills (OSC-S) were indicated by dental plaque levels (%) and compared before and after dental education. Results: There were no baseline OSC-P differences between the control (55.8 ± 12.8%) and intervention (55.5 ± 14.6%) groups or OSC-S differences between the intervention (38.5 ± 13.2%) and control (38.1 ± 12.5%) groups. At the three-month follow-up we observed OSC-P deterioration in the control group (63.2 ± 15.0%) and OSC-P improvement in the intervention group (52.2 ± 15.6%). The OSC-P/OSC-S regression models found these predictors: baseline oral self-care, group affiliation, and mother's education (p<0.05). Conclusion: The hypothesis was confirmed and significant predictors were baseline oral self-care levels, group affiliation, and mother's education.

Resumen: Objetivo: Comparar un programa educativo guiado por pares (PEGP) versus un programa basado en educación convencional (EC) dirigido al autocuidado bucal en niños. Material y métodos: El grupo de intervención recibió un PEGP y el grupo control recibió EC. La calidad de prácticas de autocuidado (OSC-P) y habilidades de autocuidado (OSC-S) fueron indicadas por los niveles de placa dental (5) y comparadas antes y después de la intervención. Resultados: No se observaron diferencias en los datos de línea base del OSC-P entre el grupo control (55.8 ± 12.8%) y el de intervención (55.5 ± 14.6%) o en el OSC-S entre el grupo de intervención (38.5± 13.2%) y el control (38.1 ± 12.5%). En el seguimiento a tres meses, se observó un deterioro en las OSC-P en el grupo control (63.2 ± 15.0%) y un mejoramiento en las OSC-P en el grupo de intervención (52.2 ± 15.6%). Los modelos de regresión lineal para las OSC-P/OSC-S encontraron como significativos los siguientes predictores: autocuidado bucal de línea base, el grupo de afiliación y la educación materna (p<0.05). Conclusión: La hipótesis fue confirmada y los predictores significativos fueron los niveles de autocuidado bucal de línea base, el grupo de afiliación y la educación materna.

Morphometric relationships between the mandibular canal and the molar teeth: a tomographic analysis report / Relaciones morfométricas entre el canal mandibular y los dientes molares: reporte de un análisis tomográfico

Some dental treatments that are performed in the mandibular teeth involve manipulation of anatomical structures near the dental periapex, so it is likely to cause nerve damage due to the proximity of the inferior alveolar nerve with the apices of the mandibular teeth, mainly in the molar area. The aim of this study was to determine through Computed Tomography (CT) scan the existing distance between the mandibular canal and the anatomical structures adjacent to its path which will help to reduce the risk of injury to the inferior alveolar nerve during the different dental treatments developed in this zone. A cross-sectional study was performed where the study population consisted of 50 patients of both sexes, between 20 and 30 years with a full dentition mandible. Patients underwent a CT study of the mandible with coronal planes at 1.5 mm, the right side and the left side of each jaw were considered for the analysis and millimetric measuring was held of the distances of the mandibular canal (MC) from different anatomical structures. Subsequently, a statistical analysis was performed to obtain the mean and standard deviation of the distances between the mandibular canal and some adjacent anatomical structures. The distance from the alveolar nerve canal to the apex of the lower third molar in average was 1.49 mm on the right side and 1.69 mm on the left side, the distance between the mandibular canal and lingual cortical at the lower first molar level on average was 3.54 mm on the right side and 4.02 mm on the left side and the distance between the lingual cortical at the second molar level was on average 2.86 mm on the right side and 3.6 mm on the left side.

Algunos tratamientos dentales que se realizan en los dientes mandibulares implican la manipulación de estructuras anatómicas cercanas al periapice dental, por lo que existe la probabilidad de causar lesiones nerviosas debido a la cercanía del canal mandibular con los ápices de los dientes mandibulares, principalmente los molares. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar a través de tomografía computarizada la distancia existente entre el canal mandibular a las estructuras anatómicas adyacentes a su trayecto lo que ayudará a disminuir el riesgo de lesiones del nervio alveolar inferior durante los diferentes tratamientos dentales desarrollados en esta zona. Se realizó un estudio transversal en donde la población de estudio estuvo compuesta por 50 pacientes de ambos sexos, entre 20 a 30 años con dentición completa en mandíbula. A los pacientes se les realizó un estudio de Tomografía Computarizada (TC) en mandíbula con cortes coronales a 1.5mm, se consideraron para el análisis el lado derecho y el lado izquierdo de cada mandíbula, y se realizó la medición milimétrica de las distancias que existen desde el CNAI a diferentes estructuras anatómicas. Posteriormente, se realizó un análisis estadístico para obtener Medias y Desviación Estándar de las distancias que existen entre el canal mandibular y algunas estructuras anatómicas adyacentes. La distancia del canal mandibular al ápice del tercer molar inferior en promedio fue de 1,49 mm del lado derecho y de 1,69 mm del lado izquierdo,la distancia entre el canal mandibular y la cortical lingual a nivel del primer molar inferior en promedio fue de 3,54 mm del lado derecho y de 4,02 mm del lado izquierdo y la distancia entre la cortical lingual a nivel del segundo molar fue en promedio de 2,86 mm del lado derecho y de 3,6 mm del lado izquierdo.

Impact of oral mucosa lesions on the quality of life related to oral health. An etiopathogenic study

BACKGROUND: To assess the impact of oral mucosa lesions on quality of life related to oral health (QLROH) and additionally to establish whether the etiopathogenicy of oral lesion is associated to the degree of QLROH impact. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study performed on a non-probability sample of 247 consecutively patients attending the oral medicine and pathology clinic the Spanish version of Oral Health Impact Profile-49 questionnaire (OHIP-49-mx) was applied. Responses were recorded on Likert-type scale whose values ranged from 0 (never) to 4 (always). Values greater than the 50 percentile (median) were considered as indicative of poor quality of life. All patients were orally examined and diagnosed. In accordance to their etiopathogenicy 6 study groups were formed: 4 corresponded to MIND classification for diseases (Metabolic, Inflammatory, Neoplastic, and Development groups), with more or equal 2 diseases and no-lesion group. To identify possible differences of OHIP-49 values between study groups an ANOVA (one factor) parametric and a chi square tests were performed (SPSS(R)20.0). RESULTS: The OHIP-49-mx values were higher than the 50 percentile (established at 39) in metabolic, inflammatory, development, and more or equal 2 diseases groups, suggesting that this type of oral lesions negatively impact the quality of life. more or equal 2 diseases group followed by metabolic and inflammatory diseases group (p 0.001) depicted worst quality of life. Functional limitation (p 0.003), pain, physical inability (p 0.001) and psychological disabilities dimensions exhibited greater values in all groups. CONCLUSIONS: Injured oral mucosa negatively impacts quality of life, specifically functional limitation, physical inability and psychological disabilities could lead to social isolation. To our knowledge, this is the first time that an association between QLROH and the etiopathogenicy of oral mucosal diseases is established

Impact of oral mucosa lesions on the quality of life related to oral health. An etiopathogenic study.

BACKGROUND: To assess the impact of oral mucosa lesions on quality of life related to oral health (QLROH) and additionally to establish whether the etiopathogenicy of oral lesion is associated to the degree of QLROH impact. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study performed on a non-probability sample of 247 consecutively patients attending the oral medicine and pathology clinic the Spanish version of Oral Health Impact Profile-49 questionnaire (OHIP-49-mx) was applied. Responses were recorded on Likert-type scale whose values ranged from 0 (never) to 4 (always). Values greater than the 50 percentile (median) were considered as indicative of poor quality of life. All patients were orally examined and diagnosed. In accordance to their etiopathogenicy 6 study groups were formed: 4 corresponded to MIND classification for diseases (Metabolic, Inflammatory, Neoplastic, and Development groups), with ≥2 diseases and no-lesion group. To identify possible differences of OHIP-49 values between study groups an ANOVA (one factor) parametric and a chi square tests were performed (SPSS®20.0). RESULTS: The OHIP-49-mx values were higher than the 50 percentile (established at 39) in metabolic, inflammatory, development, and ≥2 diseases groups, suggesting that this type of oral lesions negatively impact the quality of life. ≥2 diseasesgroup followed by metabolic and inflammatory diseases group (p 0.001) depicted worst quality of life. Functional limitation (p 0.003), pain, physical inability (p 0.001) and psychological disabilities dimensions exhibited greater values in all groups. CONCLUSIONS: Injured oral mucosa negatively impacts quality of life, specifically functional limitation, physical inability and psychological disabilities could lead to social isolation.To our knowledge, this is the first time that an association between QLROH and the etiopathogenicy of oral mucosal diseases is established.

Análisis de Patrones de Cierre Velofaríngeo en Pacientes con Labio y Paladar Hendido / Pattern Analysis of Velopharyngeal Closure in Patients With Cleft Lip and Palate

El objetivo fue identificar los patrones de Cierre Velofaríngeo (CVF) en pacientes con Paladar Hendido (PH) y Labio y Paladar Hendido (LPH) que acuden a la Clínica de Atención Integral de Pacientes con Labio y Paladar Hendido (CAIPLPH) de la Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Unidad León (ENES, León). Estudio transversal, con una muestra por conveniencia de 79 pacientes entre 4 y 10 años de edad. Las variables incluidas fueron el patrón de CVF, tipo de hendidura, edad del paciente y el antecedente de intervención quirúrgica previa para el cierre de la hendidura palatina. A los pacientes se les realizó valoración clínica y nasofibroscopía por examinadores previamente estandarizados para conocer si existe una relación entre edad y patrón de CVF, entre el tipo de hendidura y patrón de CVF y una relación entre el patrón de CVF y el antecedente quirúrgico, utilizando una prueba bivariada de Chi cuadrada. Se examinaron 46 hombres y 33 mujeres con una media de edad 6,6 años. La frecuencia de los patrones de CVF fueron coronal 8,86%, sagital 67,08%, circular 13,92% y circular con rodete de Passavant 10,12%. Se observó una diferencia estadística significativa entre el patrón de CVF y el tipo de hendidura (X2= 53,93, p<0,001). Las diferentes formas en que se pueden presentar las hendiduras de paladar y labiopalatinas influyen en la función del CVF ya que se puede presentar un patrón distinto en cada caso. El patrón de CVF no se ve afectado por la edad ni por el antecedente quirúrgico de cierre de la hendidura palatina.

The objective of the study was to identify patterns of velopharyngeal closure (CVF) in patients with Cleft Palate (PH) and cleft lip and palate (LPH) attending the Clinic of Comprehensive Attention of Patients with Cleft Lip and Palate (CAIPLPH) of the Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Unidad León (ENES, León). A cross-sectional study and convenience sample of 79 patients was carried out, including those aged between 4 and 10 years. The variables included were: CVF pattern, kind of cleft, the patient's age and history of previous surgery for closure of the palatal cleft. Patients underwent clinical evaluation and nasofibroscopy by examiners previously standardized to know if there is a relationship between age and CVF pattern, between kind of cleft and pattern of CVF and a relationship between the pattern of CVF and patient's history of previous surgery, using a X2 test bivariate square. Forty-six men and 33 women with a mean age 6.6 years were examined. Frequency patterns CVF: 8.86% coronal, sagittal 67.08%, circular 13.92% and a circular with Passavant ridge 10.12%. A statistically significant difference between the pattern of CVF and the kind of cleft (X2= 53.93, p <0.001) was observed. The different ways in which the PH and LPH clefts can present influence the function of CVF as it can present a different pattern in each case. CVF pattern is unaffected by age or by the previous surgical closure.

Prevalencia de dientes supernumerarios en niños con labio y/o paladar fisurado / Prevalence of supernumerary teeth in children with cleft lip and/or palate

El objetivo del estudio fue conocer la prevalencia de dientes supernumerarios en niños con labio y/o paladar fisurado. Se realizó un estudio transversal, se revisaron 608 ortopantomografías de expedientes de pacientes pediátricos que acuden a las clínicas de estomatología y ortodoncia del Hospital General <

The aim of the present study was to establish the prevalence of supernumerary teeth in children afflicted with cleft lip and/ or palate. A cross-sectioned study was conducted on 608 orthopantomographies from pediatric patients who attended the stomatology and orthodontics clinics of the <

Toward a Comprehensive Instrument of Oral Health Literacy in Spanish.

To develop and assess the Spanish Oral Health Literacy Scale (SOHLS) in a Mexican adult population, a repeated survey was undertaken in 227 adults. Participants were interviewed and asked to complete the SOHLS on the basis of the Health Literacy Test developed by the Educational Testing Service. The SOHLS covered literacy skills: location, integration, generation, calculation and return. Cronbach's α was obtained for internal consistency and intraclass correlation coefficient for test-retest reliability. Construct validity was obtained comparing the test score with self perceived oral health and the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14). Mean age was 47.2 years (SD = 14.3 years). Average time for test completion was 24.6 ± 11 minutes; mean score was 24.2 ± 3.8 and Cronbach's α was .748; the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.766. Spearman's correlation was 0.426 between the test and self perceived oral health. Pearson's correlation was -0.336 between the total test score and the OHIP-14. The instrument has good values of reliability; construct validity is significant but could be improved.